Floyd-Warshall Algorithm 1

Abstract: There are several applications in VLSI technology that require high-speed shortest-path computations. The shortest path is a path between two nodes (or points) in a graph such that the sum of the weights of its constituent edges is minimum. Floyd-Warshall algorithm provides fastest computation of shortest path between all pair of nodes present in the graph. With rapid advances in VLSI technology, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are receiving the attention of the Parallel and High Performance Computing community. This paper gives implementation outcome of Floyd-Warshall algorithm to solve the all pairs shortest-paths problem for directed graph in Verilog

Evaluation of commercial dipping oil for production of quality raisins from Thompson Seedless grapes

Grape growing in India is mainly confined to tropical peninsular regions of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. It is estimated that approximately 95% of total grapes are produced in Maharashtra and Karnataka alone. About 71 per cent of total grape production of the country is consumed as fresh and 27 per cent is processed into raisins. Grape drying is mainly concentrated in Sangli, Solapur and Nashik districts of Maharashtra and Vijayapura and Bagalkot districts of Karnataka. Generally, after dipping of grape bunches in solution of ethyl oleate and potassium carbonate (also known as Australian dip) the grape bunches are spread on nylon mesh inside grape drying shed and within 10-15 days drying process completed. There are several commercial products/substitutes for dip treatment available in the market. However, it has been reported that effectiveness of these products is variable. Therefore, present investigation was carried out to study effectiveness of a new commercial product for raisin production from Thompson Seedless grape variety in comparison to ethyl oleate. Grape bunches of Thompson Seedless were dipped in these solutions prior to drying inside raisin drying shed. Besides, the drying bunches were also sprayed with different concentrations of these products on 3rd and 5th days of drying. Observations were recorded on drying dynamics, browning index, colour intensity, content of phenols and tannins, sensory properties and quality parameters after storage for 4 months. It was observed that the dip treatment of Thompson Seedless grapes with a solution of 18 ml commercial product and 24 g potassium carbonate per litre of water for 2 minutes and sprays of 12 ml commercial product +16 g potassium carbonate per liter water on 3rd day and 6 ml commercial product + 8 g potassium carbonate per liter water on 5th day was found better than ethyl oleate for production of good quality raisins

Evaluation of Noise Exclusion of Medical Images Using Hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization and Bivariate Shrinkage Methods

Denoising of images got corrupted by addition of noise signals (generated by no single reason) has always a subject of interest for researchers. This paper proposes and classifies the efficiency of an algorithm based on bivariate shrinkage further optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).The estimator for undecimatedfilterbank which incorporate the adaptive subbands thresholding further represented with singal threshold based on denosing performs.The paper evaluate performance of medical image denoising by calculation of PSNR, MSE, WPSNR and SSIM. The simulation results based on testing the model at MATLAB 2010A platform shows significant enhancement in mitigation of Gaussian noise, speckle noise, poisson noise and salt & pepper noises from experimental dat

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Techniques for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks

used to improve performance of spectrum sensing techniques used for detection of licensed (Primary) user’s signal. In CSS, the spectrum sensing information from multiple unlicensed (Secondary) users are combined to take final decision about presence of primary signal. The mixing techniques used to generate final decision about presence of PU’s signal are also called as Fusion techniques / rules. The fusion techniques are further classified as data fusion and decision fusion techniques. In data fusion technique all the secondary users (SUs) share their raw information of spectrum detection like detected energy or other statistical information, while in decision fusion technique all the SUs take their local decisions and share the decision by sending ‘0 ’ or ‘1 ’ corresponding to absence and presence of PU’s signal respectively. The rules used in decision fusion techniques are OR rule, AND rule and K-out-of-N rule. The CSS is further classified as distributed CSS and centralized CSS. In distributed CSS all the SUs share the spectrum detection information with each other and by mixing the shared information; all the SUs take final decision individually. In centralized CSS all the SUs send their detected information to a secondary base station / central unit which combines the shared information and takes final decision. The secondary base station shares the final decision with all the SUs in the CRN. This paper covers overview of information fusion methods used for CSS and analysis of decision fusion rules with simulation results. Index Terms — Cognitive radio, spectrum sensing algorithms, cooperative spectrum sensing, data fusion, decision fusion. I

Bellman Ford Algorithm 1

Abstract: There exit several high speed computation applications that requires minimum distance computation between nodes in weighted graph. Dedicated techniques exist for this purpose are called as shortest path computation. Depending upon need of application, there are three type of shortest path problems; Single Source Shortest Path (SSSP), Single Destination Shortest Path (SDSP) and All Pair Shortest Path (APSP). For Single source shortest path computation Bellman Ford Algorithm provides most efficient results. This paper present verilog implementation of Bellman Ford algorithm for determination of shortest path between one node to all other nodes of graph. This implementation leads to the hardware implementation of Bellman ford algorithm which is not possible with existing implementation

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Not AvailableDifferent levels of ethyl oleate and potassium carbonate were tried to produce raisins by following DOV method. The application of ethyl oleate and potassium carbonate is found suitable for faster drying of grapes (Vitis virifera L.) in DOV method and able to produce quality raisins. However, application of solution (15 ml ethyl oleate and 25g potassium carbonate in 1L water) on first day and on 4th day (11 ml ethyl oleate and 18 g potassium carbonate in 1L water) was found most effective than other treatments. Further, studies on canopy management, load management and refinement of other agro-techniques are needed to obtain quality raisins by adopting DOV under tropical conditions of IndiaNot Availabl